This post by #RachelByTheBay a few years ago had a big impact on how I think about server infrastructure: "One machine can go pretty far if you build things properly" rachelbythebay.com/w/2022/01/2…

Taking that a step further, I think one small, inexpensive, underpowered (by today's standards) machine can go pretty far with reasonably efficient software.

in reply to Matt Campbell

As I told Rachel at the time, and as I've mentioned here before, there was a BBS in my city (Wichita, Kansas) in 1995 that ran 65 lines on a single machine, some kind of high-end 486. I thought that was amazing back then. Now, with the right software, one could probably serve a few hundred concurrent users with real-time chat, games, etc. on a tiny consumer router.
in reply to Matt Campbell

I've often heard stories from older folks who I worked with when they first had jobs in the 90's. They would talk about how they ran most of the company from a single NT or Netware box, running directory services, mail, proxy server, etc. During the 2000's with security and reliability concerns this all changed of course and we've continued to find ways of efficiently packing in more services on a single box ever since.