Someone asked me the other day if #accessibility has been getting better over the last years.
I feel that's a difficult question to answer. Relatively speaking, maybe, in some aspects, yes it has.
But if I'm brutally honest, better does by no means mean good.
Right now, I'd say accessibility as a whole can be described thusly:

People have, on a whole, felt largely ignored and essentially akin to a dog begging for scraps at the dinner table. Maybe every so often someone somewhere decides to do something, but in general, accessibility is ignored, deprioritized, devalued and at times derided by those who should often know better.
Accessibility is in a state where people would rather use a planet-destroying, ethically questionable slot machine to fix things, because the human slot machine of getting people to care has far worse odds and requires far more effort with often nothing to show for it.
And yet, that probably is still better than a decade ago.

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in reply to Florian

One can argue that using those questionably ethical technologies is just that, ethically questionable. I would very much agree.
And yet... We've had the internet for a good 35 years now, things haven't exactly improved, see also the webAIM Million. See also #Foss project after #floss project with absolutely zero regard for #accessibility until it's way too late.

Ethically questionable, sure, but I can not in good conscience blame anyone who's waited half their life to finally see things improve only to be disappointed taking things into their own hands.
Switch away from big tech? People can't. Pick up any old alternative when a tool of choice funds the far right? People can't.
Stop funding the billionaires? People very well might not be able to.
And that lovely bit of entrapment was all human-wrought. No AI, or i'm sorry, AL, required.
This is the world we live in, and these are the hands we're given. Don't like it? Send a PR and fix it.

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in reply to Florian
There's definitely been some encouraging developments over the last 5 or so years. Orca is finally starting to shape up into a proper #screenreader after existing what... 18 years or so? Perhaps we'll see a viable #linux distribution that's #accessible enough to be someone's pleasant productivity machine. Heck, @elementary
seems to be fighting that fight almost all by themselves at this point and they're actually getting somewhere, although the work that must have taken honestly scares me. You're braver than i! :)
We're seeing Wayland accessibility improve, bit by bit, phenomenal job being done over in those parts but again, probably swimming against the current to a scary degree. Whoever's working on that now, you're appreciated!

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in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @elementary My definition is basically a distro that lets me not have to switch to Windows to get work, play or tinkering done. I'm pretty sure Fedora, and Elementary for that matter, have day-to-day usage done, but I need to see consistency before I can justify spending any serious time on it. I haven't forgotten the mess the Wayland switch made yet
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @elementary Why am I responsible for fueling your roadmap?
Accessibility standards have existed for decades, examples of how to do accessibility have been around for even longer. My Linux knowledge is woefully out of date but things like having to set specific environment variables to make things like Java or Electron apps work, Orca losing the plot when an app requires elevation, the fact there's always a fight between, say, speakup in the console and Orca in the GUI session and speech just randomly dying for no apparent reason were part of my everyday workflow when I did use it, and that's only a year or two back.
For as far as I know Orca doesn't do first-party OCR yet, I remember some non-links not properly firing on enter in Firefox which worked fine in Windows, no idea how bad the current Wayland breakage is, if Pu
in reply to Florian
@tyrylu @elementary sorry got interrupted. If pulseAudio on virtual machines still randomly stutters when using Pipewire, if the majority of fixes are still confined to the absolute latest version of desktop environment, underlying machinery and orca, if the Ubuntu installer still reads unlabeled buttons in the accessibility section of said installer rendering the accessibility section inaccessible... do you see where I'm going with this?
in reply to Florian
@tyrylu @elementary And if pressing the Super key, on the Gnome desktop, still just says "window" instead of telling us we've opened the search box thing to type a program name or file name or whatever else we can search for in Gnome. Or if we still can't type in Contracted, Grade 2, Braille because BRLTTY is seemingly still primarily used in the console, stuff like that. I really think Linux developers are going to have to spend time around the blind, rather than passively waiting for blind people to submit the next issue. But there are already so many issues. And I get that Linux developers already have so many communities to watch for. And sadly AI won't fix everything either. In fact, that leaves Linux accessibility to crawl at the same pace it's been for the past 5 years. But I mean at least it is crawling instead of being stuck. Maybe one day.
in reply to Devin Prater :blind:
The Gnome shell thing is definitely fixed in Gnome 51. Braille might be harder, as we don't have any devs which would be knowledgeable about grade 2 (including myself), and skilled enough to do something about this.
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @pixelate @elementary I don’t think I have the right hardware to help with braille, even if I could find the time, so I probably can’t help, either. In general, it would be better if we could find a way to have more developers, somehow.
in reply to Devin Prater :blind:
Well, depends on how big a fix that is - a few missing labels are definitely okay, a huge refactoring because at the end you can fix some small nidpick, I'd doubt it. But you'd at least test it. And of course, cross environment issues (so things that Kde, Gnome and others have to agree upon) need a much more complex discussions.
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
yeah, in the end it depends on how big the change you're submitting is, because if it's gonna be a few hundred lines of code split across a bunch of files, sometimes entirely unrelated files, then maintainers are right to scrutinize that deeply, because that path leads to unmaintainable code down the line. But yeah, I feel like nowadays, the most important things for accessibility to not only be good, but actually awesome, on linux to be done are in the wayland protocols and AT integration department, rather than anything specific in one desktop environment or another. You know, for example, stuff that would be needed for eye tracking, a proper way of querying the mouse pointer, getting touch gestures and so on, all with a properly sandboxed API. However, that's the hardest part, not because it'd take a lot of code, but because so many people would have to be involved in that discussion, the bikeshedding would probably be monstrous, but I suppose that'll have to be done eventually even so
in reply to Devin Prater :blind:
well nope, first we have to look at what exists and try to make this into an actually usable interface which can be used for more things, for example portals are a good abstraction layer. Right now, the fixes which fixed most of wayland accessibility for us are two dbus interfaces the gnome, and kde now I suppose, shell implements, but that's a hack more than an actual solution. That's why I said that at this point, we can't fix that with code because it's not really code that's the problem, it's trying to make something work so that we don't slide into more technical debt than we already are. First things first, I think someone, if not us, should revive the newton branch and make that workable again, then put effort into upstreaming that, because that already has some nice wayland compositor primitives which would help us later. Then, we need an accessibility portal. As a quick hack, sure, you can probably create patches to orca, at-spi2-core, libei, mutter and gtk4 probably, with or without AI, but those would be hacks. But here's a thing, we can brainstorm ideas and see what can be done, do you have a matrix or something? I think discussing the whole thing in this thread would make it too long for most clients to load it :p. After we got something, we can probably talk with more wayland and portal devs, because right now, I was trying but from a position of seeing what sticks on the wall and nothing concrete was done because of that. I can probably try to pull up some of my earlier messages in various rooms about this problem and what I came up with, so I don't reiterate from scratch.
in reply to the esoteric programmer
@esoteric_programmer @tyrylu @pvagner @elementary Honestly, all I have is Discord, and I mean there would need to be like more than just a few people to make this really work out well, if you're thinking of having like a community for working on this.
in reply to Devin Prater :blind:
yeah of course, but I meant more like we would want to make some kind of specification that sounds reasonable, without much bikeshedding at first, which is why I don't think having a big amount of people there is a good idea. I didn't mean it as a community where we talk to the protocol developers, because I pretty much know what the objections to this kind of thing generally are from them so I know what not to do, and also that would come later. I meant a place where more of us, aka the people who need this kind of thing but who also know a bit of the landscape, could brainstorm ideas and write some protocol definition files if nothing else.
in reply to the esoteric programmer
Yeah, I'd want to make Newton a reality, the design is definitely neat. It would not fix the security considerations from some people, but it would be so nice to remove all the caching hacks in the whole stack, performance should be better as well generally.

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in reply to Florian
@tyrylu @elementary That you are getting on with it so well actually bodes well, I might give Fedora another look soon and perhaps have more targeted feedback but as of right now I simply don't know where we are. Was it you I heard in that recorded fedora meeting regarding accessibility, I believe it was last year or the year before?
I'm pleasantly surprised to see Fedora at least has the latest Orca RC in its system repositories and I truly hope a lot of the pain points I just listed have been addressed; I recall that pipewire stutter supposedly being fixed hopefully some time this year for example. I'll need to see to what degree things like QT apps, electron apps, java apps and GTK apps currently just work®(tm) before I can prioritize urgent fixes, but I think a lot of the issues surrounding specifically Linux are history-related. I currently can't trust that what has been fixed will remain fixed because it historically hasn't worked that way
in reply to Florian
Orca actually is current in Fedora repos already, e. g. no RC anymore. :-) Same for Arch linux, for example. Yes, I don't know the current situation with Pipewire and Windows based VMs (it always worked on Linux through virt-manager or similar). Java might be underwhelming still, that's true, but the rest should be okay.
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @elementary The pipewire thing I am relatively sure has been fixed. But Java is actually a great example... the ways of making Java apps accessible are known. They have been known for decades. Do you happen to know why it's still "underwhelming" as you say?
in reply to Florian
The setup of Java accessibility is still a lot more manual than I'd like it to be (you need to set configuration in accessibility.properties or you need environment variables in some cases), the Arch linux package for example is missing a crucial symlink, so basically nobody tried to use this for a long time, and openjdk behavior changed in the meanwhile. It is not completely straightforward on Windows either, though, but I remember it in a better shape, though.
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @elementary These days it really kind of is. NVDA and JAWS both pretty much just ship their own access bridge so users haven't really had to think about this for a good 5 years in some cases. Still way too late, but at least it was done :) Meanwhile a lot of mission-critical applications for some career choices, notably cybersecurity, run on Java so for those folks this would be extra burden to entry that really shouldn't be there
in reply to Florian
Agreed. I already wrote at least the Arch package maintainer, the UX is definitely improvable, the install should be plug and play. I managed to get the right settings, so I finally have accessible Ghidra on Arch (to the extend Ghidra is accessible in terms of custom widgets and keyboard navigation).
in reply to Lukáš Tyrychtr
@tyrylu @elementary A pleasant experience is when you can work, tinker and have rest at the same time. Write code, run AI assistants in an *accessible* terminal, watch YouTube, read articles, listen to podcasts, do some audio editing, stream (and Florian is a real streamer who also makes the streams, unlike me who doesn't open OBS); have meetings on Zoom; interact in Slack; perform accessibility audits, including in google Docs and Excel files (yes, I know, but it's my clients' requirements), and many other things. And all of this must be accessible to a *blind person* *without* sighted help. Since I can do all of this on Windows, that's what a proper screen reader and a pleasant experience means. Oh, and a *proper* screen reader must be scriptable (because of new apps appearing) and have *robust* Braille support.
in reply to Florian
@elementary Orca is, as far as I know, mostly Joanmarie diggs' work. If she had a team of at least ten (I'm not saying fifty or three hundred!) permanently available developers, it might have happened earlier. I mean, becoming a viable screen reader. You know I'm super skeptical about Linux desktop, but Joanmarie deserves to be mentioned every time we talk about it.
in reply to André Polykanine
Yes for sure, she did it for years but I thought that she stepped down. Can't find a source of that now though. Besides, the mix of window managers, desktop environments and relatively old accessibility APIs seem like a hard environment to build a screen reader for to me