It depends. On the web an alt text must be concise. Everything that is important, makes sense, is mentioned somewhere in the text, is to be conveyed. but conciseness is first. Here on social networks, I'd say, completeness is the first and even more important than conciseness. For instance, if you post a meme, describe it even if it's super lengthy. Like: "Three panels from left to right, on the first panel there is a man..." and on and on you go. It's important because *the image* is the unique thing you share, I have to laugh, to think, to be angry or emotional about *the image* itself, without any context basically. Ask further questions, I'm glad to answer everything.
Unfortunately, sometimes the important information is only in the image, not in the text. In such cases, it would need to be in the alt text. (Or the page needs an editor to get the important information back into the text.)
@0x7700e6 Because if you are reading an article, you generally don't want a huge alt text that would distract you from your reading. Even less you want it for images like logos, avatars, social network badges and so on. Also, both in and out of social networks avoid phrasing like "This is an image depicting..." (I know it's an image, my screen reader tells me about it); "This is the avatar of Jane Doe" ("Jane Doe" is enough).
@menelion If I post a well-known meme, is it OK to just say, for example "the Drake meme, with X then Y" or should I be doing "a four panel meme. On the first row left panel a man reacts negatively to the panel on the right showing X, then on the next row he reacts positively to the panel on the right showing Y". @0x7700e6 @micr0
@stib @0x7700e6 I'd do the second, sorry to bother you with that. Because we blindies are kinda... behind the graphic memes. You could probably possibly put a link to a description but rather don't because different clients and different browsers don't allow clicking links in alt, it would be plain text so... unfortunately probably you have to describe, at least for the first time.
@menelion @stib @0x7700e6 I did not know links didn’t always work, thanks for that. On mastodon, does the alt for videos work? It doesn’t for me using the web interface, but maybe screen readers are a little better in that regard? And come to think of it, is an alt description on video helpful?
@avuko @stib @0x7700e6 It's helpful for the deaf, at least a rough description so they could probably send the video to a software for captions (I'm not sure but I imagine this is possible). For us blindies it's helpful when the video is super visual, like only music and kitties playing, for example, or a guy/girl is assembling, drawing, painting, knitting something etc., where there are no words.
@avuko @stib @0x7700e6 For example, my sighted wife likes to watch videos where a Japanese guy shows small apartments in Japan. He never speaks, only sometimes he adds some subtitles in very simple English, as my wife has just said. Maybe he is ashamed of his English pronunciation, maybe he's simply a shy person, I don't know, but he does amazing videos, but super visual. There ideally audio description or at least a decent alt text would work, especially if you share it for a reason (for example, you liked a particular apartment he was showing).
Oh! Thank you for this: I (wrongly) thought that conciseness on social media would be preferred, except where maybe the post contains only an image, of the image is particularly detailed.
I sometimes also might add a commentary or a quip in my alt text - perhaps in response to the post's text, or to add context, or my own reaction. Is this poor practice, though, do you think?
@clickhere @stib @0x7700e6 Commentary in alt texts? Yes, I'd say it's not so good, because not everyone even pays attention to alt texts, and sometimes it's harder to read them if they are super long.
Yeah, I try to avoid anything very long or superfluous in alt texts, but have sometimes added a short sentence or phrase in addition to the description (depending on context).
@menelion @0x7700e6 There are dozens of sites where you can overlay your text on popular images to create memes without having to use an image editing program, I wonder if there are any that come with #AltText pre-generated. Eg. in the "Drake meme" format it would supply the image description and substitute your text for X and Y. If not there's my next billion dollar startup, ready to go.
@stib @0x7700e6 there are ways of generating alt texts, but they are all AI-based, and it seems that Mastodon is quite a… not friendly community for AI, unfortunately.
@VincentTunru Yes, from the standard's perspective. but from my personal perspective, I'd prefer the alt on the image. Because I might want to show her to someone, for example. Like "See, here's my CEO" 😊
@menelion If I may ask: I'll occasionally do alt texts like "Screenshot of XY user interface." Would you consider "screenshot" also useless information here and prefer "XY user interface"?
the flinta cruising party was super cute, and we where very happy to trade rooms so they would have more space, but we we're actually surprised how many people came to the communist meetup, we where expecting a much smaller group, lot's of communists and commie curious foks at #39c3, see you all next year.
very much reminds me of the first commie-curious session I did in 2017 (#34c3). We booked the smallest room we could find because we thought it would be a small group; it ended up more crowded than a sauna at Vabali during Aufguss
It's true: the more technical background and pre-conceptions you have, the more more likely you run into trouble with #deltachat 😂 Don't think so much! 😉
@wmd there are many computer people pretty happy with #deltachat ... who value precisely that they can use it with their families and friends easily, though.
With a lot of alternative software, the complaint is that it is only usable by specialists. We are pretty happy that in our case it is more the specialists who need to work harder and read the FAQ to understand that some lines of traditional thinking about eg email and pgp do not apply delta.chat/en/help
What is Delta Chat? Delta Chat is a reliable, decentralized and secure instant messaging app, available for mobile and desktop platforms. Instant creation of private chat profiles with secure and i...
I don't understand why combining delta with Thunderbird (a client mostly for cleartext mail), or importing some cryptographic key is required to value delta's architectures. Do you hack a different cryptographic key into your signal database, and otherwise don't feel confident to recommend it?
@hpk I think as mailclients go, thunderbird is one that gets combined most with pgp? Some people value their trust chains and have very well checked keys, or they want to generate their custom key. Because you can, you get "closer to the metal". Signal doesn't offer it, so it might be a loss or just not considered. That deltachat uses pgp invites people to think im their typical pgo ways/workflows. 🤷🏼♀️
What is Delta Chat? Delta Chat is a reliable, decentralized and secure instant messaging app, available for mobile and desktop platforms. Instant creation of private chat profiles with secure and i...
we are aware of the confusion (it was the whole point of the top level post after all) and doing our best to explain things, and the history of decisions. You seemed to suggest we should make sure to accommodate gpg and Thunderbird users because they are key multipliers, but frankly, we don't think the current state of these tools provides good examples or guidance for secure group messaging ala signal.
@hpk 1) I was part explaining as hpk said they didn't understand. 2) I don't think you need to facilitate thunderbird+gpg users, just that as deltachat is advertised a lot as being based on mail+pgp, it's good to be aware there is a key audience that can get confused by it.
If you tell me something is based on ssh, but I can't do the usual ssh features/flow I'll also be confused if not frustrated. 🤷🏼♀️
@wmd @hpk we are not advertising mail+pgp in the app, and also not in the web site or app stores of today. It's true that until April 2024 we emphasized mail+pgp more towards users and that's probably the background you remember and argue from. Today, we use email and openpgp for interoperability, and to benefit from a massive ecosystem of software and established understandings and code. But the goal is that users can stay pretty unaware about these underpinnings.
@wmd @hpk luckily, the vast majority of today's users don't have the historical baggage, and quite a few read our posts and docs of the last 20 months where we repetitively try to convey and clarify what we are doing and why :) it's still going to haunt us, obviously :)
Important talk by @Mer__edith and Udbhav Tiwari on the immediate and serious threat to privacy and data security posed by "Agentic AI" like MS Copilot and similar.
I'm not sure if I've damaged my laptop's keyboard, but I just noticed that I cannot type e and follow it with t in rapid succession, or only the e will register. But I'll be back home soon and back to primarily using an external keyboard, so it won't matter as much anymore.
So, how was someone able to hack these documents, undoing the redactions that the DOJ of all people had put in place, and reveal the information for all to see? I hope you are sitting down, because it’s going to knock your socks off: “I simply highlighted the text, copied it, and pasted it in a document,” Krassenstein said.
An anonymous reader shares a report: The French government on Dec 30 postponed a ban on plastic throwaway cups by four years to 2030 because of difficulties finding alternatives. The ban was meant to start on Jan 1.
@BorrisInABox I feel your pain brother! Just got an iPhone 16E… My first iPhone without a home button… I HATE IT!!! I'll probably come around though like everybody else. Lol happy new year my friend, thanks for keeping me entertained on here.🤗
@theblindjoe @BorrisInABox Hi. I know that I don't especially like not having a home button, either. I assigned an easier gesture, two finger swipe right to go home, and two finger swipe left to go to the app switcher. If you want any directions on how to do that, I can tell you. It sure makes the students I teach feel better about not having a home button.
@CreativeChris @theblindjoe I personally would find it easier to just swipe up from the bottom with one finger than to use two fingers swiping right. Anyway, not having a home button bothers me a lot less than not having touch ID and a headphone jack.
I am blind. Seeing people who think I'm not worth the effort fill my timeline with AltBot generated AI stuff that isn't even accurate in lots of cases.
Human alt text is always better, because it doesn´t focus on ocular seeing. Seeing people think, and AltBot was designed around that notion, that blind people must compensate for missing "eye-seeing", but that's not the case. I am interested in the meaning of an image to you, its maker or publisher.
Again, human alt text is better, also because it strengthens reciprocity between seeing and blind people. AltBot doesn't but it makes seeing people believe they have done their bit for accessibility. In actuality, the reverse is often true.
Honestly this constant back and forth is the only thing I'd think about in this case. I understand if you feel exhausted working on this alone, or if you don't get enough donations or anything. But this tool has helped many, and rather AI description than no description. Some sighted don't bother and that won't change just because, idk, that person thinks they'll feel more guilty when no AI produces the description for them. I'll lose information most of the time. I can still decide whether I want to generate or read the description. But let's say it's just a generic text, or poster, or dashboard, someone just didn't bother describing. Right I could ask them, but would the original poster actually bother adding the alt text afterward? In the least cases. Yeah maybe some nice other sighted person will describe it. But then the difference is not too big anymore, if you get what I mean. Don't let these little comments from all sides get so close to your acting. That's just my take, and I probably don't have a lot room to talk here.
To clarify, I don't completely disagree with the original post's opinion, but that doesn't mean that altbot is useless. And if they don't want to see the descriptions, you know happy block or mute button.
@jonathan859 blocking the bot doesn’t block its descriptions when people copy them into the alt text. There is no opt-out, whereas there’s an opt-in on your own device: you can use your screen reader’s machine learning translation feature.
Screen reader user here. IMO what you've been doing so far is way more helpful than harmful. After reading the thread, I reckon experimenting with a couple of questions/prompts that could guide someone who's not sure what to write would be an excellent addition. Maybe users land on some choices that set their intended usage. IE someone who chooses "help me figure out what good alt text would be" gets the questions, whereas someone who chooses "I can't type my own alt text right this second" gets a generated description hashtagged for filtering.
Saw the Fediverse described as where elder millennial, Gen X and boomers go to retire from the internet, and immediately felt the peace that passes all understanding wash over me. None of us have to struggle any longer. We completed our time.
Since the last time I checked, it seems that Keycron has been fully integrated into QMK. They have their own folder and layout files and everything. I want to modify my V1. The problem is that it's been years since I made a new layout in QMK and flashed a keyboard. I don't remember quite how I did it last time, and I've moved to a new laptop since then.
J'ai ouvert le flux du hashtag #BrigitteBardot. Tant de haine, tant de joie de sa mort… Absolument dégoûtant. Oui, c'était une femme ayant des propos controversés (par contre, je suis d'accord avec certains de ses propos quand-même), mais c'était une icône du cinéma, une légende internationale, une femme avec beaucoup de talent.
@helenasteinhaus auf dem #39c3 über Bürgergeld, Bezahlkarte, lügende Politiker und ekelhafte Flegel. Retrööten und Reply: Furchbar gern, eigner Upload irgendwo: never ever! #sketchnotes #graphicrecording
I'm a communist. I respect not everyone on the left is a communist or has to be a communist. There are many people of good will and honesty and so on who are not, and might never become, communists.
But the way some people will disclaim "I'm not a communist" as soon as possible, that does make me nervous. Don't want to be a communist, fine, don't be one; but making it sound like it's a cult or a disease or a crime? That's slightly alarming.
Does anyone have the manual for the old Sable audio RPG maker? Specifically looking for inspiration to make the Godot tilemap editor accessible and reading its manual might help.
Alternately, are there any good and documented accessible tilemap editors whose docs I can look to for inspiration?
I still have it somewhere. I'll see if I can find it for you. I also wrote several map editors, both bitmap and voxel editors, so I have ideas on how it could work with experience and possible demos to show it off.
Sorry, got the manuals from elsewhere, should have flagged it. I think for the moment I'm stepping back from making Godot's native tilemap editor accessible because I realized the tileset editor was a prerequisite and that's a way bigger accessibility challenge, but I'll probably do something custom, so if you have any prior art other than Sable that works well, it'd be great to see/chat about. I have the docs from the latest Sable beta. Thanks!
Vous avez entendu les AI bros dire qu'il fallait mettre des datacenters dans l'espace ? Bah c'est une immense connerie. "The short version: this is an absolutely terrible idea, and really makes zero sense whatsoever. There are multiple reasons for this, but they all amount to saying that the kind of electronics needed to make a datacenter work, particularly a datacenter deploying AI capacity in the form of GPUs and TPUs, is exactly the opposite of what works in space." taranis.ie/datacenters-in-spac…
I have disabled every fucking piece of AI bullshit I can find from Firefox and DESPITE THAT today I got ambushed by a new ASK AN AI CHATBOT line in a fucking image context menu
Every year around this time, I make my “This year really could have been an email” joke, but this year really couldn’t have been. There was just too much 2025.
A large amount of insulin was found at #39C3. Anyone who can describe how it is packaged and where it was probably lost can pick it up from us at CERT.
Blind math students, how do you organize substitutions? Examples include double u-sub and maybe dimensional analysis. I need help. My brain falls apart after so many lines. Informed comments/advice/suggestions only please
I obviously haven't done this in a few years, but I used to work with a two-editor workflow, where one editor was the entire solution, the other was the most important lines / results that I knew I'd need to recall in the future.
#39c3 .ending .. quite an enjoyable blast, and thanks to all the wonderful people just dropping by to say "thank you, it all works very nice for us"! 🥰 Certainly raised team spirits :)
This year around, apart from one #chatmail relay setup workshop we didn't do any registered events at congress. Pushing out releases, Illnesses and engagements in various other organizing prevented more public sessions. Next ones will be around #fosdem2026 where also several of us will be around. Cheers!
Well, I saw on slovak local donating organization some adult NSFW content in the footer of the page. It was not visible, it was just read by screenreaders.
@ondrosik TeamTalk's homepage had one of those as well. Apparently the link itself was tiny such that people couldn't see it, but it was probably used to get more clicks on the site or something. In that case it was a compromised wordpress installation I think. I see the Amazon thing as well.
Many people redact PDF content by covering it up with a black or white rectangle, forgetting that, unlike in purely visual formats, that operation does basically nothing in PDF. The content is still there, the renderer is just instructed to draw a white rectangle which occupies the same position and covers it visually.
Sometimes, you can also find sloppy employees leaving notes to other people working on the PDF, especially if the documents are only intended for print, and the electronic version is only given out in special circumstances.
@miki Thanks, you reminded me to post about the Epstine files which can be "hacked" via this "method" (the hacking method being you read them normally in your browser)
@miki @pitermach @ondrosik If you are playing Codenames in a browser, you can cheat by hitting insert+f on the hidden card. Nine times out of ten it will tell you the color.
Add support for UTF-8 barcodes
Add duplicate option to main screen and reorder options slightly
Fix column count setting not being applied to group card list
Remove theme colour support
Reduce max ...
This is also the first release using Jetpack Compose, Google's "new" UI toolkit. It is only used in the About activity for now but the plan is to eventually use this in all activities instead of the old Android XML layout engine, which Google is definitely giving less priority for bugfixes and features.
I would like to specifically thank @theimpulson and @Iamlooker for helping me out so much while I was trying to wrap my head around it, your help has been amazing.
Every day I scroll through my feed and I see proud announcements like:
“First Alpha Relase of HyperTurboWidget available"
or
“Version 2.7.1 now with improved glorb handlers!”
or
“Flux Capacitor version 4.5 is out”
… and I sit there wondering if I should be excited, terrified, or calling a licensed electrician.
Don’t get me wrong, I love open source. I just have no idea what three quarters of these projects actually do. Are we talking about a web server? A file system? A middleware thingy that keeps the flux from overflowing into the space–time continuum?
So, dear OSS developers of the world: When you announce a new release, please give us (your adoring but slightly confused audience) just a tiny bit of context.
Tell us what your software does.
Tell us why this release is cool.
Tell us what it requires to work.
Example:
We are proud to announce Flux Capacitor version 4.5 is now avalaible. While it creates a nice wormhole to 1955, it requires an underlying gigawatt stack 1.21 to work reliably.
Because nobody wants to cheer enthusiastically for “v2.7.1” while secretly Googling “what is a glorb and why does it need handling”.
Fair reminder to remind me to remind people what Catima is in the release announcements.
Catima stands for **Ca**rd and **ti**cket **ma**nager, it's a little app to store store discount cards, event tickets, plane tickets, etc in. Basically anything with a barcode :)
Small update! I just released 2.41.1 to fix a visual regression in the new UI that mostly affected devices Android 14 and below (but also slightly affected Android 15 and up):
On Android 15, the icon colours can be wrong (white icons on white background). On Android 14 it looks even worse: My guess is that the Android 14 case can be fixed simply be explicitly enabling ed...
the #communist meetup at #39c3 was incredible. Great moment whan we switched rooms with the #FLINTA cruising group to give them more space, and got a round of applause. Very sweet.
A je to venku. Kazdy mame svou trinactou komnatu, veci co nikde nechceme ukazovat. Ale nez se to k vam dostane z uniku v Epstein files priznam se radsi sam. Jednou jsem jel na kole!
My personal stance on AI over the past 6 months has slowly shifted from being very strongly opposed to much more of an optimist. I still think that so much of the hype around it is overblown, it's being shoved in all sorts of places it doesn't need to be, etc., but since I started using AI coding agents, my productivity has gone through the roof. Notice too that I didn't say speed, because honestly I think I take longer to ship code now, but productivity. I actually get more done. I spend a while writing out a good prompt, let Claude run for 20-30 minutes while I go get some food and stimulants, then spend a couple/few hours at least tweaking the code, reviewing it, testing it, etc. But I can now just throw out ideas! If I want to quickly try adding oCR to Paperback, I can tell Claude to try it, go eat, then come back, read the code, learn not what to do when I try this later, and git reset. I forgot where I heard this, and I'm paraphrasing, but the quote goes something like: "AI does not create fast experts; it makes experts faster". Can definitely say that's been my experience. A lot of these dumb tiny AI startups will probably die, I hope AI browsers go to the software graveyard, etc., but LLMs are here to stay and honestly I've come around to it. I still get queezy when thinking about what it's doing to the environment, but also, humans are doing plenty of horrible things to the earth right now that I'm not even aware of that are taking out endangered species and eliminating lifeforms that make the chemical we need to survive, so with or without LLMs we're fucked and headed for global warming. That doesn't mean I don't think we should solve the problem, but it's not the only problem either.
A post full of adequacy and wisdom. Thank you Quinn. I'm even more optimistic about #AI, but I keep saying the only thing: it won't replace software engineers, doctors or whomever, it will just make their work faster. I always read the code emitted by AI, I always review it, but it's a tremenduously helpful tool in my toolbox, and even more, it's a helpful assistant. Have a great 2026!
@menelion As just a light user myself, and I still remember how to use a browser, I too, find it an aid not a replacement for common sense. A nuanced take. Thank you both for sharing your perspectives.
Re last: I absolutely love doing accessibility work with Jujutsu. Often I start with an inaccessible base and iterate my way out of the fog--fixing one accessibility issue only reveals another, and another. Git's model makes that tricky--make commits, then individually peel them off onto separate branches when it's time to merge.
With JJ on the other hand, I can stack changes one on top of the other without even thinking about it. Fix accessibility issue, jj new, fix another, jj new. It's usually obvious from jj diff what I fixed, so I can jj edit and jj describe the changes later if I'm just in the zone and don't want to workshop a commit description right now. When it's time to pick apart PRs, jj rebase -s q -s r -s s -s t -d p rebases everything on the most recent upstream change at once, then I just jj edit q and jj bookmark set <branch-name> for each change. A jj git push --allow-new pushes everything at once. When the inevitable PR feedback arrives I just jj edit <bookmark name>, make the changes, and jj git push again. No need to explicitly re-commit since that happens automatically. Then when I want my own private build with all the new a11y goodness, jj new q r s t puts me in a brand new commit with everything merged. Find a new accessibility issue with code I've edited? No problem--just edit the code live on my change, jj absorb, and it merges that code into whichever revision in my history last touched it. If it's at all ambiguous, jj squash merges the changes into an explicit target, and a jj git push updates all the affected PRs without me having to think about it.
I speak up for migrants a lot. You know, because I am one. And because it’s the right thing to do. Every now and then, I get a Faragite telling me if I love migrants so much, I should house a refugee.
Passphrases vs. Passwords "Through 20 years of effort, we've successfully trained everyone to use passwords that are hard for humans to remember, but easy for computers to guess."
I worry non-technical people with too much power are going to read this and be emboldened continue the age-old tradition of using a password system where it discards the characters after their maximum (which suspiciously seems to always be 15 or 16 characters) but considers the truncated values to be different from the exact same 15 or 16 characters when you realise the password field to log in stops processing input at 15 or 16 characters.
In case one of those people reads this, 34,000 years sounds like a lot, but this is what computers can do right now. Five years ago, that same brute force would likely have taken orders of magnitude longer. Ideally, you want "Sol will go supernova before they brute force this password using the hardware available in [current date]"
Passphrases help keep the complexity more manageable, but someone already posted the XKCD. Just please, for fuck sake, don't be hostile to password manager users. A copy/paste is arguably more secure than just manually typing it in before we even consider how the password manager encrypts it.
here is one thing I think but for some reason the security industry seems to disagree with me. So let's say you have a password and it's 12 characters long. If you say in the requirements it must have 1 uppercase, 1 lowercase, 1 number, and 1 special character doesn't that actually simplify cracking as the hacker knows the requirements? Like assuming all those characters are allowed but not required isn't the possible number of passwords greater?
Really. Which computer? My laptop? An AI rig? What is the application of the password? How is it stored? How is it hashed? How is it applied? This table can't be taken literally.
UNIQUE passwords matter 1000x more than STRONG passwords. With very very few exceptions, password cracking shouldn't even be in a normal person's threat model. If somebody is cracking your password they already have your data from that platform. The only thing password cracking does is let them use your password to authenticate to other platforms, but that doesn't work if it's a unique password
We need to stop people to use long to complex passwords. That's not a useful thing to teach people. Instead, teach them to use a password manager and a unique password for every site!
and then your password manager stops working. Happened to me a few years back when the developer quit and the software stopped working at the next platform update. I now use a password protected local Excel file because I believe Excel will be available during my lifetime (71 yo)
this. On systems which allow long passwords, I'm now using very long phrases (think lines from songs — I'm not actually using lines from songs, but the phrases are of similar length). The benefit is I can remember them WITHOUT a password manager; and if I should forget them, I have a crib — but only I know what that crib is.
When people say: "billionaires shouldn't exist" that isn't a call to violence. "Being a billionaire" isn't some inherent property in the way that say, skin color is.
Wealth taxation is a perfectly acceptable way of eliminating all billionaires. That doesn't mean billionaires stop being people, they just stop being billionaires.
Mastodon* is in desperate need of a rebrand and a repositioning in the minds of the general public (imo).
There's no reason why a Mastodon address couldn't come with all the cachet of a public library card, or a PBS tote bag—that is to say something that signals “I am more than just a content creation machine for a corporation.”
It could be a status symbol for all the right reasons.
*The collective brand, so much as the general public sees Mastodon as such.
+ Para instalar autoconsumo colectivo en tejados que no son el tuyo, entre otras posibilidades...
☀️ ¿Qué es eso de una Comunidad Energética?☀️
La figura de las comunidades energéticas son conceptualmente difíciles porque tienden a explicarse con enrevesados textos legalistas, a pesar de que el concepto es tremendamente sencillo:
👉 Una comunidad energética es un tipo de asociación o de cooperativa (gente, comercios e instituciones juntas, pero no grandes empresas) haciendo cosas sobre energía. Cosas en general.
Tú, tu primo, la dueña de la frutería del bajo del edificio de enfrente y más personas conocidas más podéis juntaros un día a tomar un café, costituiros como asociación y montar la comunidad energética. Lo cierto es que es relativamente fácil y hay muchos modelos de estatutos para hacerlo (más adelante pasaré unos cuantos), siempre y cuando tengáis en cuenta algunas normas básicas como:
1) Las grandes empresas no tienen permiso para ser asociadas o cooperativistas. Sí pueden ser proveedores de servicios o productos, pero mi consejo es que las grandes empresas queden absolutamente fuera de estos sistemas hechos por y para la gente. Si me preguntas a mí, las CE son uno de los mecanismos que existen para debilitar a las grandes empresas.
2) Las personas socias tienen una participación abierta, voluntaria y autónoma. Pueden entrar o salir a voluntad, y tienen voz y voto.
3) La prioridad son los beneficios medioambientales, económicos y sociales para sus miembros y zona donde opera. No ganancias financieras. Nadie se va a hacer rico con una comunidad energética.
☀️ ¿Qué se puede hacer en una comunidad energética?☀️
Pues de todo, la verdad. Y os pongo un ejemplo reciente. En la ‘Asociación Comunidad Energética Energía Solidaria’, que he ayudado a fundar en Parla, hemos puesto los siguientes objetivos:
A) Objetivos sociales
1. Incentivar y promocionar la participación y cohesión ciudadana de manera inclusiva con las pymes, instituciones y la sociedad en general de nuestra ciudad en lo relacionado con la generación, transporte o consumo de energía.
2. Luchar contra la pobreza energética local y contribuir a prevenir situaciones de vulnerabilidad energética.
3. Fomentar la formación y la cultura energética en nuestra sociedad. Realizar labores de difusión de información, formación y empoderamiento de los vecinos y vecinas en favor de un consumo de energía generada en un entorno de proximidad, local, limpia y sostenible.
4. Crear un modelo energético justo y participativo dentro de la economía social y solidaria.
5. Aumentar la soberanía energética.
6. Defender la calidad de vida de los vecinos y vecinas del municipio.
1. Ejecutar las actividades necesarias con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo de que el consumo de electricidad de las personas socias sea 100% de origen renovable.
2. Reducir el impacto ambiental de las personas socias y la sociedad en general, incluidas las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, emisiones perjudiciales para la salud, y el mal uso del agua o los residuos generados.
3. Reducir el consumo energético de las edificaciones y actividades de la zona, mejorando la eficiencia energética de todos los procesos y buscando soluciones de menor impacto que reduzcan la huella de carbono.
4. Contribuir a las estrategias de mitigación de la crisis climática, así como a las estrategias de adaptación ante sus efectos, desde la perspectiva de la energía.
5. Promover la transición energética hacia un modelo participativo y más sostenible económica, social y medioambientalmente, en la sostenibilidad energética y la implicación de las administraciones públicas, en particular las de ámbito municipal, en el desarrollo de políticas públicas precisas para lograrlo.
C) Objetivos económicos
1. Mediante estrategias que aúnen el trabajo colectivo, la eficiencia energética, la economía social y solidaria, o el cambio de modelo energético, se espera obtener como resultado un ahorro económico positivo para los hogares y entidades asociadas.
2. Cualquier otro objetivo lícito que acuerde emprender la asociación y tenga relación directa con los objetivos.
3. Queda excluido el ánimo de lucro.
D) Objetivos de cooperación
Asimismo, se recogen como objetivos de cooperación:
1. Colaborar con otras entidades que persigan fines comunes.
2. Alcanzar acuerdos con terceros en la persecución de estos objetivos.
3. Cooperar y colaborar con otras comunidades energéticas.
☀️ Ya, ya, pero, ¿qué se puede HACER en una comunidad energética?☀️
En esta asociación nos asignamos las siguientes tareas potenciales:
1. Compras colectivas de instalaciones de generación de energías renovables para el autoconsumo (individual o colectivo) tanto eléctricas de usos generales como solar térmica para agua caliente sanitaria y calefacción, de almacenamiento energético y otros. Se incluye el prestar servicios de eficiencia energética.
2. Producción de energía local y despliegue de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía de bajo impacto. Consumo y autoconsumo de energía local y de origen renovable.
3. Quedan explícitamente excluidas las actividades que hagan uso de formas de energía basadas en los combustibles fósiles, salvo que mediante su uso se reduzca el impacto local y global de los mismos, como pudiera ser sistemas de calefacción de distrito mediante gas natural o vehículos a motor de combustión compartidos.
4. Compras colectivas para la rehabilitación de edificios hacia la mejora de su eficiencia energética.
5. Jornadas, talleres y actividades formativas en general, para aumentar la cultura energética y en materia de sostenibilidad de la ciudadanía.
6. Dinamización y promoción de la movilidad sostenible, en este orden: caminar, ir en bicicleta, usar transporte público, compartir vehículos privados, electrificar vehículos privados.
7. Quedan incluidas en estas actividades la adquisición de una o más flotas de vehículos compartidos a usar por las personas socias, así como la de ofrecer servicios de movilidad eléctrica.
8. Promoción de hábitos alimentarios sostenibles, de bajo consumo energético y bajo impacto tanto en su producción, su traslado y su preparación.
9. Promoción y organización de actividades para fomentar la reutilización, reparación, el intercambio y el reciclaje de ropa y textiles, desincentivando el consumo de moda rápida, como mercadillos, ferias, roperos sociales, etc.
☀️ ¿Quién puede formar parte de una comunidad energética?☀️
Salvo que los estatutos digan algo distinto: cualquier persona, asociación, pyme o institución. Por ejemplo, se puede poner una norma de que la persona física o jurídica ha de ser de la localidad.
También se pueden poner salvaguardias al diálogo interno, marcando como imperativo que las personas jurídicas que quieran entrar en la comunidad energética: “No hayan expresado como entidad o a través de sus cargos orgánicos mensajes públicos de racismo, xenofobia, homofobia, machismo, transfobia o se hayan manifestado a favor del maltrato animal, que podrán ser motivo de expulsión inmediata en caso de haber sido admitidas previamente”. Las comunidades energéticas han de nacer como espacios seguros y democráticos, y fracturas sociales como las que pueden causar los elementos mencionados son incompatibles con un funcionamiento democrático.
☀️ ¿Es obligatorio montar una instalación de autoconsumo colectivo como comunidad energética?☀️
No, para nada. A menudo se confunde el ‘autoconsumo comunitario’ con las ‘comunidades energéticas’, pero son dos temas distintos. Hay autoconsumos comunitarios sin comunidad energética (la mayoría, de hecho) y comunidades energéticas sin autoconsumo comunitario (una minoría, casi todas nacen con este objetivo).
Como ya hemos visto, una comunidad energética es una cooperativa o una asociación, es decir, es una forma jurídica, un NIF, una organización. Un autoconsumo colectivo es un proyecto, una instalación, un inmovilizado en una cubierta.
Podemos retroceder un par de pasos para entender que hay varios tipos de autoconsumos:
1. Individual. Me lo pongo en mi tejado, cubierta, patio o terraza. Yo me encargo de todo y todo lo que genera lo administro yo. Es la forma menos social y aparentemente menos complicada de ponerse placas. Pero en la práctica es la forma de complicarse más la vida porque una única persona acaba siendo la responsable de que todo funcione como debe, de que se pidan bien los permisos, de que el proyecto esté bien diseñado y ejecutado o de que se hable con la distribuidora. Acaba siendo una pesadilla para bastante gente.
2. Colectivo. Lo mismo pero acompañado. Por ejemplo, en una fila de chalets adosados se hace una instalación corrida. Se comparten gastos, se comparten tareas, se comparten recursos. Y cada cierto tiempo se toman decisiones entre todos. Organizar esto es más complejo, pero acaba siendo la opción que más alivio mental genera. Dejas de estar solo o sola ante el mundo y siempre hay un par de personas cerca que se presentan como voluntarios para hacer tal o cual gestión.
Puedes montar una comunidad energética y luego dedicarla a impartir clases para entender la factura doméstica o incidencia política a favor de políticas de transición ecológica justa. De hecho, hay algunos modelos que pueden ser muchísimo más interesantes que una instalación de autoconsumo colectivo. Y también pueden ser sobre autoconsumo colectivo. Veamos algunos ejemplos:
☀️ Ejemplo 1. Proyecto de autoconsumo colectivo descentralizado dentro de una comunidad energética, con tejados propios e instalación común☀️
Este modelo puede ser de mil maneras distintas, pero es frecuente que se junten varias familias y comercios, busquen uno o varios tejados comunes, reúnan dinero para hacer una o varias instalaciones fotovoltaicas, y se repartan los ‘coeficientes de consumo’, es decir, la capacidad de las instalaciones. Vamos a ver un ejemplo basado en un caso real.
Un día varias familias de un barrio se juntan y surge el tema común de “la luz está muy cara”. Uno de ellos tiene placas fotovoltaicas en su casa y deciden montar una asociación para compartir luz. Hacen varias sesiones informativas y 15 familias firman los estatutos. A lo largo de los meses, a medida que surgen conversaciones, más y más hogares se van sumando hasta reunir casi 50. ¿El problema? Aunque algunos de sus hogares tienen espacio para instalar fotovoltaica, lo ideal es una cubierta grande para que todo salga más barato.
Al final, se logra que una asociación local, que entra también al proyecto, ceda la cubierta a 40 años, prorrogable, y varias de las familias hacen lo propio: ceden el derecho de uso para construir, literalmente, un espacio común. Los debates sobre cómo repartir los tejados son interesantes y divertidos, y siempre llegan a acuerdo unánime: la gente no se pelea por lo individual porque tiene un objetivo común, ganar todos y todas.
No pienses en esto como una comunidad de vecinas. En esas, los vecinos están adjudicados y te asignan siempre a un par de cuñados quejicas. Esto es otra cosa, es un grupo de gente con intereses comunes, dispuestas a trabajar juntas. Y si no te interesa, recuerda que la salida de la CE es una posibilidad.
El caso es que compran las placas y queda tal que así:
- Una instalación muy grande de 45 kWp en el tejado de la asociación. De este beben 25 familias.
- Ocho instalaciones pequeñas de las que beben unas 2-3 familias por instalación.
Todos pagan lo mismo, todos reciben los mismos kWp por euro invertido. Todos pagan la misma cuota de mantenimiento, por kWp. Es decir, si tú tienes 2 kWp y yo tengo 1 kWp, tú pagarás el doble que yo. Es justo.
También es justo que parte de la generación vaya a hogares vulnerables. Después de todo, no todo el mundo tiene la capacidad de instalar fotovoltaica.
¿De quienes son las placas? De la asociación.
¿Quién tiene derecho sobre la energía que generan? Cada hogar participante económicamente, y esos hogares vulnerables mencionados.
¿Y qué pasa si me mudo? Que los paneles se pueden revender sin beneficio internamente, ya sea porque alguien de la asociación esté esperando pacientemente su turno para comprar capacidad fotovoltaica, o porque entren nuevas personas. O porque quizá la nueva persona dueña del inmueble decida quedarse con las placas, en cuyo caso las adquirirá a la asociación, que a su vez devolverá el capital (devaluado tras su uso, claro) al antiguo propietario. Vamos, que las puedes transferir.
☀️ Ejemplo 2. Proyecto de autoconsumo colectivo centralizado dentro de una comunidad energética, con tejados cedidos por administración e instalación común☀️
En este caso, un ayuntamiento dinamiza jornadas para que emerja un grupo motor de ciudadanos y ciudadanas dispuestos a construir una asociación comunidad energética. Esto es lo que hemos hecho en Parla. Tras algo menos de un año de aceleración e impulso del ayuntamiento, un pequeño grupo motor ha redactado unos estatutos y los ha enviado a la comunidad autónoma para su evaluación. En otros lugares el procedimiento puede ser distinto, pero en todos hace falta redactar estatutos.
¿Y ahora qué? El ayuntamiento, que formará parte de la asociación tan pronto estén aprobados los estatutos, redacta un pliego para la cesión de una primera cubierta a esta asociación. Obviamente, como el dinero ha venido de los contribuyentes, hay ciertas normas que el ayuntamiento ha impuesto, como por ejemplo:
1. Todos los materiales, desde estatutos hasta modelo de gobernanza, presentaciones o modelos de actas, han de ser públicos para que cualquiera pueda montar su propia comunidad energética si así lo desea, aunque es altamente recomendable por sus beneficios formar parte de aquella en la que está implicada la administración local.
2. La cesión de cubierta se realiza bajo la condición de que la asociación se encargará de instalar la fotovoltaica (aunque contará con ayuda del ayuntamiento) y mantenerla. La cubierta es del ayuntamiento, pero la instalación no.
3. El ayuntamiento tendrá un voto sobre el total de votos, y en caso de cumplirse determinadas condiciones de masa crítica, contará con una vocalía en el concejo rector, junto con otra para los hogares, otra para las asociaciones y otra para los comercios. Esto en previsión de crecimiento.
4. Como la cubierta es un bien público, la cesión se cobra en luz entregada por la asociación a hogares vulnerables. Yo te cedo la cubierta, pero a cambio te pido que ilumines casas de personas que tienen menos recursos que tú. El coeficiente está por definir. De esta forma el ayuntamiento usa un bien que está abandonado y lo convierte en un activo dedicado al trabajo social.
Ahora bien, dado que las cubiertas municipales son escasas y se espera alta demanda, es probable que se pongan cuotas en tramos de 0,5 kWp. Es decir, si hay una cubierta en la que caben 300 kWp, se pueden atender a las primeras 600 familias que llegan, aunque si solo lo hacen 550, 50 hogares podrán disfrutar de 1 kWp. Todo ordenadito por orden de llegada, dimensiones de la cubierta e igualdad.
Este tipo de modelos molan un montón porque elimina barreras de entrada a las socias al estar el ayuntamiento como soporte. Además, otorga poder decreciente al ayuntamiento a medida que más y más hogares se suman a la comunidad energética. Y también permite el escalado: la misma comunidad energética puede albergar decenas si no cientos de instalaciones de autoconsumo colectivo. Una vez se hace el primer proyecto, el resto es copiar y pegar metodología y transferir conocimientos a la interna.
☀️ Ejemplo 3. Proyecto de compras colectivas de vehículos con cesión de espacio municipal☀️
Uno de los mayores problemas urbanos es el espacio depredado por los coches, que son particularmente ineficientes en su uso: están parados entre el 95% y el 97% del tiempo. Muchas familias tienen un coche principal y uno secundario que prácticamente no se mueve nunca, salvo ocasiones puntuales.
Es aquí donde entra la posibilidad de que la comunidad energética adquiera y sea dueña de los segundos coches de cientos de hogares, y de los primeros coches de muchos de ellos. Lo pienso con el vehículo que compartimos mi padre, mi madre, mi hermano y su pareja cuando están en la ciudad, dos tías mías y uno de los maridos, mi pareja y yo. El coche está parado casi siempre.
¿Cómo sería un modelo así? La asociación, formada por hogares compra cierto número de vehículos y les instala una cerradura electrónica con doble factor de autenticación: solo si se tiene la tarjeta y una clave personal se puede acceder al vehículo. Así es como funcionan las flotas de renting por minutos, está todo inventado.
Al tiempo, el ayuntamiento cede un espacio público de estacionamiento a cada matrícula de vehículo compartido, pero no de cualquier manera porque se convertiría en un colador de caraduras. Se ponen una serie de condiciones como que:
1. El vehículo en cuestión no sea propiedad de una persona física sino de una asociación o cooperativa constituida como comunidad energética.
2. La asociación ha de demostrar que cada vehículo adquirido tiene, como poco, a cinco o siete personas con carnet que pueden usarlo, mediante contratos vinculantes entre socios. Si alguien con mucha caradura quiere usar este sistema para quedarse con una plaza en la calle, tendrá que buscar a media docena de personas que no solo tendrán que poner dinero, sino que tendrán legítimo uso sobre el bien adquirido. Mucha suerte a quien intente engañar al sistema.
De esta forma se desincentiva el uso del segundo vehículo familiar, liberándose espacio en la calle (eso es lo que gana el ayuntamiento) y los hogares pueden acceder a una movilidad en coche más asequible al tiempo que evitan dar vueltas hasta localizar un espacio para aparcar (ahorrándose mucho combustible y energía en el proceso).
☀️¿Por qué es importantísimo que montes o te sumes a una comunidad energética de tu barrio?☀️
El sistema económico actual ha conseguido que la energía sea un objeto alienígena que no se entiende, llegando al extremo de anunciar tarifas planas bajo el eslogan “ya pensamos nosotros por ti”. Necesitamos recuperar la soberanía energética y volver a ser dueñas de nuestra energía. La última vez que tuvimos algo de control sobre ella fue hacia el siglo XIII, antes de el cercamiento. El cercamiento fue una violenta campaña de expulsión de los agricultores de las áreas de cultivo comunales. Mediante divisiones (cercas) físicas, se segmentó el procomún en todo el continente europeo y se entregó a las élites. El procomún que previamente había sido de todos fue transformado en propiedad de unos pocos. la gente perdió la posibilidad de acudir al campo a por los recursos energéticos (leños, piñas, hojas) para climatizar el hogar o cocinar. Desde entonces, hemos tenido que pagar a grandes corporaciones por la energía que consumimos. Ahora se ha habilitado una forma legal de recuperar parte del terreno perdido. No todo, pero sí parte.
Cuando formas parte de un proyecto de comunidad energética, y particularmente si instalas fotovoltaica colectiva, estás recuperando parte de tu soberanía energética al quitarle a las eléctricas una fracción de beneficio mediante la cual te explotan. Piensa en reducir las puertas giratorias y la acumulación de capital. Y además lo haces hablando con tus vecinos y vecinas, sembrando relaciones locales y sembrando barrio, tejiendo redes de ayuda común; e instalando energía renovable, tan necesaria.
En la siguiente carpeta hay un montonazo de recursos públicos sobre Comunidades Energéticas, que he agrupado por categorías. Están incluidos los estatutos de mi comunidad energética del barrio y también la propuesta de estatutos de Parla (que aún no está aprobada por la Comunidad de Madrid, por lo que puede que cambie algo).
☀️P. ¿Cómo se puede entrar en una comunidad energética que no es de tu edificio? ☀️ @its_martastic
La comunidad energética es una asociación, por lo que puedes entrar siempre y cuando se cumplan sus normas estatutarias.
La CE puede ser de tu edificio, o de todo un municipio. O de toda la región.
Diferente es el rango del proyecto de autoconsumo colectivo DENTRO de esa asociación o cooperativa. Los proyectos de autoconsumo colectivo tienen un rango de un par de kilómetros entre el punto de vertido a red (el contador de la planta fotovoltaica) hasta tu contador.
Pero una misma CE puede tener múltiples proyectos de autoconsumo colectivo sembrados por el territorio.
☀️ P. Para personas en situación de alquiler, ¿cómo pueden actuar?☀️ @grodira
Una persona inquilina puede formar parte de una asociación o cooperativa sin problema. Y aquí las CEs no son distintas.
El reto viene de un desembolso económico que queda inmovilizado en infraestructura fotovoltaica.
Tú, Fermín, no posees la vivienda, y dudas de su meter 2000-3000 euros para una instalación fotovoltaica que no te podrás llevar. Es lógico.
Aquí, las CEs tienen que hacer un esfuerzo por ser las propietarias de la instalación, de forma que cuando te mudas dentro del rango del punto de autoconsumo colectivo te puedas 'llevar virtualmente' tu descuento de un CUPS a otro CUPS.
También deben permitir hacer devoluciones de capital a quienes se van a otros municipios. Por ejemplo, en 2030 compras 1000 euros en placas fotovoltaicas, pero cinco años después te mudas. ¿Qué pasa ahí?
Bueno, de entrada las placas ya no valen 1000 euros, se han devaluado a unos 800 euros. Pero, ¿quién te da el dinero? Lo suyo es que otras personas puedan re-comprartelas a través de la asociación. Ellas pagan a la asociación, y la asociación te paga a ti.
Pero para esto hay que establecer protocolos de gobernanza que no den lugar a equívocos ni malentendidos.
+ Para instalar autoconsumo colectivo en tejados que no son el tuyo, entre otras posibilidades… ¿Qué es eso de una Comunidad Energética? La figura de las comunidades energéticas son conceptua…
"The mistake that every investor, commentator, analyst and member of the media makes about NVIDIA is believing that its sales are an expression of demand for AI compute, when it’s really more of a statement about the availability of debt from banks and private credit."
Soundtrack: Lynyrd Skynyrd — Free Bird
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In programming, we have a nice pair of opposed acronyms:
• DRY for "Don't Repeat Yourself" • WET for its opposite, "Write Everything Twice" (or "We Enjoy Typing")
But there's an intermediate position. The benefit of DRY, other than brevity, is that if a thing is specified just once, the specifications can't get out of sync with each other. If you can't manage that, the next best thing is to make sure the compiler or test suite _checks_ that they're in sync. You have to do more typing than you'd like, but at least you've removed the risk of an accident, which is the _most_ important thing.
(For example, in Rust, if you add a new branch to an enum and forget to update one of its match statements, the compiler complains about the one you missed.)
I feel as if there ought to be a nice intermediate acronym for that state of affairs, so you can say "Weeell, it's not as DRY as I'd like, but at least it's only MOIST." Or DAMP, or HUMID or something.
"Match Or Interpreter Spots Trouble"? "Disallow Almost-Matching Programs"? "Holler Unless Many Instances Dovetail"?
Not sure about any of those. The last one in particular seems especially "you resorted to a thesaurus, didn't you?".
I've got enough pending accessibility-related PRs on my Godot fork such that the editor is almost pleasant to use. Made the scene tree labeled and usable, fixed tab bar navigation so it wraps and doesn't just dump focus wherever if you mistakenly arrow past a tab border, added regions/landmarks to major editor areas so you know where you are, labeled more unlabeled weirdness.
Going to spend the next week mostly hacking on this before switching back to more "productive" work. It might be about time to start working on making the tilemap and audio editors accessible.
I have this crazy idea that it might actually be easier to rewrite and finish System Fault in Godot than to keep up with the perpetual Bevy churn, along with trying to create pathfinding and other systems entirely from scratch and without seeing the results. Even if I rewrote by hand rather than leaning on gen AI, I can drop bunches of buggy pathfinding/visibility code and just focus on the gameplay itself. I'd often said that System Fault could be done already if I could have used an actual, production-ready game engine to build it. I guess soon we'll see.
And to be clear, none of this is a slam on Bevy which has been great. It's just been a huge lift maintaining bunches of code that does what other engines do out of the box, plus keeping up with the inevitable changes caused by building on third-party libraries to make my life easier, then rebuilding when those libraries go away. Bevy will get there eventually, but not on a timeline that has me finishing this thing anytime soon.
André Polykanine
in reply to Micr0byte • • •Here on social networks, I'd say, completeness is the first and even more important than conciseness. For instance, if you post a meme, describe it even if it's super lengthy. Like: "Three panels from left to right, on the first panel there is a man..." and on and on you go. It's important because *the image* is the unique thing you share, I have to laugh, to think, to be angry or emotional about *the image* itself, without any context basically.
Ask further questions, I'm glad to answer everything.
ChasMusic (he/him)
in reply to André Polykanine • • •Mïkê 💚 👑🐉🗡️🏳️⚧️
in reply to André Polykanine • • •André Polykanine
in reply to Mïkê 💚 👑🐉🗡️🏳️⚧️ • • •🎄Cypress🎄
in reply to Mïkê 💚 👑🐉🗡️🏳️⚧️ • • •André Polykanine
in reply to 🎄Cypress🎄 • • •∴7700e6 `Violet`
in reply to André Polykanine • • •André Polykanine
in reply to ∴7700e6 `Violet` • • •stib
in reply to André Polykanine • • •If I post a well-known meme, is it OK to just say, for example "the Drake meme, with X then Y" or should I be doing "a four panel meme. On the first row left panel a man reacts negatively to the panel on the right showing X, then on the next row he reacts positively to the panel on the right showing Y".
@0x7700e6 @micr0
André Polykanine
in reply to stib • • •⠠⠵ avuko
in reply to André Polykanine • • •André Polykanine
in reply to ⠠⠵ avuko • • •André Polykanine
in reply to ⠠⠵ avuko • • •⠠⠵ avuko
in reply to André Polykanine • • •Joan, but festive 🎅🏼🎄
in reply to André Polykanine • • •Oh! Thank you for this: I (wrongly) thought that conciseness on social media would be preferred, except where maybe the post contains only an image, of the image is particularly detailed.
I sometimes also might add a commentary or a quip in my alt text - perhaps in response to the post's text, or to add context, or my own reaction. Is this poor practice, though, do you think?
@stib @0x7700e6 @micr0
André Polykanine
in reply to Joan, but festive 🎅🏼🎄 • • •Joan, but festive 🎅🏼🎄
in reply to André Polykanine • • •@menelion Thanks!
Yeah, I try to avoid anything very long or superfluous in alt texts, but have sometimes added a short sentence or phrase in addition to the description (depending on context).
So, I shouldn't do that - I appreciate this!
@stib @0x7700e6 @micr0
stib
in reply to André Polykanine • • •André Polykanine
in reply to stib • • •Vincent Tunru
in reply to André Polykanine • • •André Polykanine
in reply to Vincent Tunru • • •Janus
in reply to André Polykanine • • •@menelion If I may ask: I'll occasionally do alt texts like "Screenshot of XY user interface." Would you consider "screenshot" also useless information here and prefer "XY user interface"?
@0x7700e6 @micr0
André Polykanine
in reply to Janus • • •